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# coding=utf-8
# pynput
# Copyright (C) 2015-2024 Moses Palmér
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
# later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""
This module contains the base implementation.
The actual interface to keyboard classes is defined here, but the
implementation is located in a platform dependent module.
"""
# pylint: disable=R0903
# We implement stubs
import contextlib
import enum
import threading
import unicodedata
import six
from pynput._util import AbstractListener, prefix
from pynput import _logger
class KeyCode(object):
"""
A :class:`KeyCode` represents the description of a key code used by the
operating system.
"""
#: The names of attributes used as platform extensions.
_PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS = []
def __init__(self, vk=None, char=None, is_dead=False, **kwargs):
self.vk = vk
self.char = six.text_type(char) if char is not None else None
self.is_dead = is_dead
if self.is_dead:
try:
self.combining = unicodedata.lookup(
'COMBINING ' + unicodedata.name(self.char))
except KeyError:
self.is_dead = False
self.combining = None
if self.is_dead and not self.combining:
raise KeyError(char)
else:
self.combining = None
for key in self._PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS:
setattr(self, key, kwargs.pop(key, None))
if kwargs:
raise ValueError(kwargs)
def __repr__(self):
if self.is_dead:
return '[%s]' % repr(self.char)
if self.char is not None:
return repr(self.char)
else:
return '<%d>' % self.vk
def __str__(self):
return repr(self)
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
return False
if self.char is not None and other.char is not None:
return self.char == other.char and self.is_dead == other.is_dead
else:
return self.vk == other.vk and all(
getattr(self, f) == getattr(other, f)
for f in self._PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS)
def __hash__(self):
return hash(repr(self))
def join(self, key):
"""Applies this dead key to another key and returns the result.
Joining a dead key with space (``' '``) or itself yields the non-dead
version of this key, if one exists; for example,
``KeyCode.from_dead('~').join(KeyCode.from_char(' '))`` equals
``KeyCode.from_char('~')`` and
``KeyCode.from_dead('~').join(KeyCode.from_dead('~'))``.
:param KeyCode key: The key to join with this key.
:return: a key code
:raises ValueError: if the keys cannot be joined
"""
# A non-dead key cannot be joined
if not self.is_dead:
raise ValueError(self)
# Joining two of the same keycodes, or joining with space, yields the
# non-dead version of the key
if key.char == ' ' or self == key:
return self.from_char(self.char)
# Otherwise we combine the characters
if key.char is not None:
combined = unicodedata.normalize(
'NFC',
key.char + self.combining)
if combined:
return self.from_char(combined)
raise ValueError(key)
@classmethod
def from_vk(cls, vk, **kwargs):
"""Creates a key from a virtual key code.
:param vk: The virtual key code.
:param kwargs: Any other parameters to pass.
:return: a key code
"""
return cls(vk=vk, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def from_char(cls, char, **kwargs):
"""Creates a key from a character.
:param str char: The character.
:return: a key code
"""
return cls(char=char, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def from_dead(cls, char, **kwargs):
"""Creates a dead key.
:param char: The dead key. This should be the unicode character
representing the stand alone character, such as ``'~'`` for
*COMBINING TILDE*.
:return: a key code
"""
return cls(char=char, is_dead=True, **kwargs)
class Key(enum.Enum):
"""A class representing various buttons that may not correspond to
letters. This includes modifier keys and function keys.
The actual values for these items differ between platforms. Some platforms
may have additional buttons, but these are guaranteed to be present
everywhere.
"""
#: A generic Alt key. This is a modifier.
alt = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The left Alt key. This is a modifier.
alt_l = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The right Alt key. This is a modifier.
alt_r = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The AltGr key. This is a modifier.
alt_gr = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Backspace key.
backspace = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The CapsLock key.
caps_lock = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: A generic command button. On *PC* platforms, this corresponds to the
#: Super key or Windows key, and on *Mac* it corresponds to the Command
#: key. This may be a modifier.
cmd = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The left command button. On *PC* platforms, this corresponds to the
#: Super key or Windows key, and on *Mac* it corresponds to the Command
#: key. This may be a modifier.
cmd_l = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The right command button. On *PC* platforms, this corresponds to the
#: Super key or Windows key, and on *Mac* it corresponds to the Command
#: key. This may be a modifier.
cmd_r = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: A generic Ctrl key. This is a modifier.
ctrl = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The left Ctrl key. This is a modifier.
ctrl_l = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The right Ctrl key. This is a modifier.
ctrl_r = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Delete key.
delete = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: A down arrow key.
down = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The End key.
end = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Enter or Return key.
enter = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Esc key.
esc = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The function keys. F1 to F20 are defined.
f1 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f2 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f3 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f4 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f5 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f6 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f7 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f8 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f9 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f10 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f11 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f12 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f13 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f14 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f15 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f16 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f17 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f18 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f19 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
f20 = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Home key.
home = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: A left arrow key.
left = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The PageDown key.
page_down = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The PageUp key.
page_up = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: A right arrow key.
right = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: A generic Shift key. This is a modifier.
shift = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The left Shift key. This is a modifier.
shift_l = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The right Shift key. This is a modifier.
shift_r = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Space key.
space = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Tab key.
tab = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: An up arrow key.
up = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The play/pause toggle.
media_play_pause = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The volume mute button.
media_volume_mute = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The volume down button.
media_volume_down = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The volume up button.
media_volume_up = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The previous track button.
media_previous = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The next track button.
media_next = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Insert key. This may be undefined for some platforms.
insert = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Menu key. This may be undefined for some platforms.
menu = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The NumLock key. This may be undefined for some platforms.
num_lock = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The Pause/Break key. This may be undefined for some platforms.
pause = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The PrintScreen key. This may be undefined for some platforms.
print_screen = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
#: The ScrollLock key. This may be undefined for some platforms.
scroll_lock = KeyCode.from_vk(0)
class Controller(object):
"""A controller for sending virtual keyboard events to the system.
"""
#: The virtual key codes
_KeyCode = KeyCode
#: The various keys.
_Key = Key
class InvalidKeyException(Exception):
"""The exception raised when an invalid ``key`` parameter is passed to
either :meth:`Controller.press` or :meth:`Controller.release`.
Its first argument is the ``key`` parameter.
"""
pass
class InvalidCharacterException(Exception):
"""The exception raised when an invalid character is encountered in
the string passed to :meth:`Controller.type`.
Its first argument is the index of the character in the string, and the
second the character.
"""
pass
def __init__(self):
self._log = _logger(self.__class__)
self._modifiers_lock = threading.RLock()
self._modifiers = set()
self._caps_lock = False
self._dead_key = None
def press(self, key):
"""Presses a key.
A key may be either a string of length 1, one of the :class:`Key`
members or a :class:`KeyCode`.
Strings will be transformed to :class:`KeyCode` using
:meth:`KeyCode.char`. Members of :class:`Key` will be translated to
their :meth:`~Key.value`.
:param key: The key to press.
:raises InvalidKeyException: if the key is invalid
:raises ValueError: if ``key`` is a string, but its length is not ``1``
"""
resolved = self._resolve(key)
if resolved is None:
raise self.InvalidKeyException(key)
self._update_modifiers(resolved, True)
# Update caps lock state
if resolved == self._Key.caps_lock.value:
self._caps_lock = not self._caps_lock
# If we currently have a dead key pressed, join it with this key
original = resolved
if self._dead_key:
try:
resolved = self._dead_key.join(resolved)
except ValueError:
self._handle(self._dead_key, True)
self._handle(self._dead_key, False)
# If the key is a dead key, keep it for later
if resolved.is_dead:
self._dead_key = resolved
return
try:
self._handle(resolved, True)
except self.InvalidKeyException:
if resolved != original:
self._handle(self._dead_key, True)
self._handle(self._dead_key, False)
self._handle(original, True)
self._dead_key = None
def release(self, key):
"""Releases a key.
A key may be either a string of length 1, one of the :class:`Key`
members or a :class:`KeyCode`.
Strings will be transformed to :class:`KeyCode` using
:meth:`KeyCode.char`. Members of :class:`Key` will be translated to
their :meth:`~Key.value`.
:param key: The key to release. If this is a string, it is passed to
:meth:`touches` and the returned releases are used.
:raises InvalidKeyException: if the key is invalid
:raises ValueError: if ``key`` is a string, but its length is not ``1``
"""
resolved = self._resolve(key)
if resolved is None:
raise self.InvalidKeyException(key)
self._update_modifiers(resolved, False)
# Ignore released dead keys
if resolved.is_dead:
return
self._handle(resolved, False)
def tap(self, key):
"""Presses and releases a key.
This is equivalent to the following code::
controller.press(key)
controller.release(key)
:param key: The key to press.
:raises InvalidKeyException: if the key is invalid
:raises ValueError: if ``key`` is a string, but its length is not ``1``
"""
self.press(key)
self.release(key)
def touch(self, key, is_press):
"""Calls either :meth:`press` or :meth:`release` depending on the value
of ``is_press``.
:param key: The key to press or release.
:param bool is_press: Whether to press the key.
:raises InvalidKeyException: if the key is invalid
"""
if is_press:
self.press(key)
else:
self.release(key)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def pressed(self, *args):
"""Executes a block with some keys pressed.
:param keys: The keys to keep pressed.
"""
for key in args:
self.press(key)
try:
yield
finally:
for key in reversed(args):
self.release(key)
def type(self, string):
"""Types a string.
This method will send all key presses and releases necessary to type
all characters in the string.
:param str string: The string to type.
:raises InvalidCharacterException: if an untypable character is
encountered
"""
from . import _CONTROL_CODES
for i, character in enumerate(string):
key = _CONTROL_CODES.get(character, character)
try:
self.press(key)
self.release(key)
except (ValueError, self.InvalidKeyException):
raise self.InvalidCharacterException(i, character)
@property
@contextlib.contextmanager
def modifiers(self):
"""The currently pressed modifier keys.
Please note that this reflects only the internal state of this
controller, and not the state of the operating system keyboard buffer.
This property cannot be used to determine whether a key is physically
pressed.
Only the generic modifiers will be set; when pressing either
:attr:`Key.shift_l`, :attr:`Key.shift_r` or :attr:`Key.shift`, only
:attr:`Key.shift` will be present.
Use this property within a context block thus::
with controller.modifiers as modifiers:
with_block()
This ensures that the modifiers cannot be modified by another thread.
"""
with self._modifiers_lock:
yield set(
self._as_modifier(modifier)
for modifier in self._modifiers)
@property
def alt_pressed(self):
"""Whether any *alt* key is pressed.
Please note that this reflects only the internal state of this
controller. See :attr:`modifiers` for more information.
"""
with self.modifiers as modifiers:
return self._Key.alt in modifiers
@property
def alt_gr_pressed(self):
"""Whether *altgr* is pressed.
Please note that this reflects only the internal state of this
controller. See :attr:`modifiers` for more information.
"""
with self.modifiers as modifiers:
return self._Key.alt_gr in modifiers
@property
def ctrl_pressed(self):
"""Whether any *ctrl* key is pressed.
Please note that this reflects only the internal state of this
controller. See :attr:`modifiers` for more information.
"""
with self.modifiers as modifiers:
return self._Key.ctrl in modifiers
@property
def shift_pressed(self):
"""Whether any *shift* key is pressed, or *caps lock* is toggled.
Please note that this reflects only the internal state of this
controller. See :attr:`modifiers` for more information.
"""
if self._caps_lock:
return True
with self.modifiers as modifiers:
return self._Key.shift in modifiers
def _resolve(self, key):
"""Resolves a key to a :class:`KeyCode` instance.
This method will convert any key representing a character to uppercase
if a shift modifier is active.
:param key: The key to resolve.
:return: a key code, or ``None`` if it cannot be resolved
"""
# Use the value for the key constants
if key in (k for k in self._Key):
return key.value
# Convert strings to key codes
if isinstance(key, six.string_types):
if len(key) != 1:
raise ValueError(key)
return self._KeyCode.from_char(key)
# Assume this is a proper key
if isinstance(key, self._KeyCode):
if key.char is not None and self.shift_pressed:
return self._KeyCode(vk=key.vk, char=key.char.upper())
else:
return key
def _update_modifiers(self, key, is_press):
"""Updates the current modifier list.
If ``key`` is not a modifier, no action is taken.
:param key: The key being pressed or released.
"""
# Check whether the key is a modifier
if self._as_modifier(key):
with self._modifiers_lock:
if is_press:
self._modifiers.add(key)
else:
try:
self._modifiers.remove(key)
except KeyError:
pass
def _as_modifier(self, key):
"""Returns a key as the modifier used internally if defined.
This method will convert values like :attr:`Key.alt_r.value` and
:attr:`Key.shift_l.value` to :attr:`Key.alt` and :attr:`Key.shift`.
:param key: The possible modifier key.
:return: the base modifier key, or ``None`` if ``key`` is not a
modifier
"""
from . import _NORMAL_MODIFIERS
return _NORMAL_MODIFIERS.get(key, None)
def _handle(self, key, is_press):
"""The platform implementation of the actual emitting of keyboard
events.
This is a platform dependent implementation.
:param Key key: The key to handle.
:param bool is_press: Whether this is a key press event.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
# pylint: disable=W0223; This is also an abstract class
class Listener(AbstractListener):
"""A listener for keyboard events.
Instances of this class can be used as context managers. This is equivalent
to the following code::
listener.start()
try:
listener.wait()
with_statements()
finally:
listener.stop()
This class inherits from :class:`threading.Thread` and supports all its
methods. It will set :attr:`daemon` to ``True`` when created.
All callback arguments are optional; a callback may take less arguments
than actually passed, but not more, unless they are optional.
:param callable on_press: The callback to call when a button is pressed.
It will be called with the arguments ``(key, injected)``, where ``key``
is a :class:`KeyCode`, a :class:`Key` or ``None`` if the key is
unknown, and ``injected`` whether the event was injected and thus not
generated by an actual input device.
Please note that not all backends support ``injected`` and will always
set it to ``False``.
:param callable on_release: The callback to call when a button is released.
It will be called with the arguments ``(key, injected)``, where ``key``
is a :class:`KeyCode`, a :class:`Key` or ``None`` if the key is
unknown, and ``injected`` whether the event was injected and thus not
generated by an actual input device.
Please note that not all backends support ``injected`` and will always
set it to ``False``.
:param bool suppress: Whether to suppress events. Setting this to ``True``
will prevent the input events from being passed to the rest of the
system.
:param kwargs: Any non-standard platform dependent options. These should be
prefixed with the platform name thus: ``darwin_``, ``uinput_``,
``xorg_`` or ``win32_``.
Supported values are:
``darwin_intercept``
A callable taking the arguments ``(event_type, event)``, where
``event_type`` is ``Quartz.kCGEventKeyDown`` or
``Quartz.kCGEventKeyUp``, and ``event`` is a ``CGEventRef``.
This callable can freely modify the event using functions like
``Quartz.CGEventSetIntegerValueField``. If this callable does not
return the event, the event is suppressed system wide.
``uinput_device_paths``
A list of device paths.
If this is specified, *pynput* will limit the number of devices
checked for the capabilities needed to those passed, otherwise all
system devices will be used. Passing this might be required if an
incorrect device is chosen.
``win32_event_filter``
A callable taking the arguments ``(msg, data)``, where ``msg`` is
the current message, and ``data`` associated data as a
`KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/win32/api/winuser/ns-winuser-kbdllhookstruct>`_.
If this callback returns ``False``, the event will not be
propagated to the listener callback.
If ``self.suppress_event()`` is called, the event is suppressed
system wide.
"""
def __init__(self, on_press=None, on_release=None, suppress=False,
**kwargs):
self._log = _logger(self.__class__)
option_prefix = prefix(Listener, self.__class__)
self._options = {
key[len(option_prefix):]: value
for key, value in kwargs.items()
if key.startswith(option_prefix)}
super(Listener, self).__init__(
on_press=self._wrap(on_press, 2),
on_release=self._wrap(on_release, 2),
suppress=suppress)
# pylint: enable=W0223
def canonical(self, key):
"""Performs normalisation of a key.
This method attempts to convert key events to their canonical form, so
that events will equal regardless of modifier state.
This method will convert upper case keys to lower case keys, convert
any modifiers with a right and left version to the same value, and may
slow perform additional platform dependent normalisation.
:param key: The key to normalise.
:type key: Key or KeyCode
:return: a key
:rtype: Key or KeyCode
"""
from pynput.keyboard import Key, KeyCode, _NORMAL_MODIFIERS
if isinstance(key, KeyCode) and key.char is not None:
return KeyCode.from_char(key.char.lower())
elif isinstance(key, Key) and key.value in _NORMAL_MODIFIERS:
return _NORMAL_MODIFIERS[key.value]
elif isinstance(key, Key) and key.value.vk is not None:
return KeyCode.from_vk(key.value.vk)
else:
return key